Annealing titania in vacuum while an external electrical field was applied resulted in the observation of structural, morphological and electrical anomalies. However, treating titania in vacuum leads to a redistribution of lattice defects. The diffusion of these lattice defects forms charge carrier trapping sites and permanent dipoles. The alignment of these dipoles leads to the formation of anisotropic conductive channels. Furthermore, the redistribution of lattice defects results in a new crystalline phase.<eng>
